新型锂电池正极材料多硫化碳炔的研究

为克服锂/硫电池的正极材料单质硫的导电性差、放电产物的部分溶解导致电池性能下降等问题,设计并制备了一种新型正极材料多硫化碳炔。通过核磁共振、拉曼光谱、X-射线及SEM等手段对其进行了研究,并得到其形态及结构信息,证明材料具有“主链导电、侧链储能”的结构。通过充放电性能测试及循环伏安测试对其电化学性能进行了研究,结果表明该材料具有较高的充放电效率与良好的循环性能,0.4mA/cm²的放电条件下60次循环后比容量可以达到400mAh/g,充放电效率接近100%。     

水溶液中相转化制备六方相三氧化钼及其电化学嵌锂性质

三氧化钼(MoO3)以三种常见的物相存在:正交相、六方相和单斜相,前者为热力学稳定相,后两者为热力学介稳相.相对于稳定的正交相MoO3,介稳的六方相MoO3较难制备.笔者采用对已商品化的正交相MoO3再次结晶的方法制得了纯六方相MoO3.通过透射电镜(TEM)观察可知产物为均匀的纳米棒.实验结果表明合成的六方相MoO3的首次放电容量比商品化的正交相MoO3高.六方相MoO3有望成为理想的锂离子电池阴极材料.     

B元素对正极材料LiCoO2结构及性能的影响

为得到性能优异的锂离子电池正极材料,通过湿化学方法首先制得LiCoO2前驱体,掺入一定量H3BO3后经加热处理即得到掺B样品.通过对掺B样品进行检测分析,结果表明B的掺入能够部分改变LiCoO2的结构;其中当B含量在0.5%～3.5%时效果最好,其循环性也有提高.     

考虑运行工况的纯电动汽车动力传动系统参数设计

针对传统理论计算方法的不足,提出了一种理论计算与运行循环工况分析相结合的纯电动汽车动力传动系统的参数设计方法。根据整车动力性需求确定了电机的峰值功率。为使运行工况下电机尽可能工作在高效区,选取10种循环工况对整车需求功率范围进行分析,由此确定了电机的额定功率。分析了电池质量对整车动力性和续驶里程的影响,通过定义加速时间影响因子和续驶里程影响因子,修正了电机的功率参数。以整车动力性为约束,以等速工况下的续驶里程最大为目标对传动系速比进行优化,使整车的续驶里程在满足动力性的条件下明显提高。分析了蓄电池在不同SOC下输出功率的变化规律,当蓄电池SOC接近下限时,对电池组的输出功率进行了仿真分析,结果表明在极限工况下,蓄电池的输出功率可以满足整车的动力性要求。     

LiF-NaF-KF体系的相图计算

基于CALPHAD技术首先评估了LiF-NaF和LiF-KF两个二元熔盐体系,液相和端际固溶体Halite相均采用RedlichKister多项式置换熔体模型描述,模型参数的优化选取实验相平衡数据和热化学数据以及本文根据第一性原理预测的数据.结合文献中已报道的NaF-KF体系的热力学参数,用Muggianu模型扩展至LiF-NaF-KF三元体系,根据三元共晶点的实验数据调整三元交互参数.最终的相图计算结果与绝大部分实验数据和第一原理计算数据吻合较好,由此获得了一套自洽且可靠的热力学参数,其能够准确描述LiF-NaF-KF体系的相平衡与热力学性质.     

Effect of ytterbium on sodium current and its kinetics in rat hippocampal neurons

This study addressed the effects of Yb3＋ on voltage-gated sodium currents in rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Voltage-clamp recordings in single neurons were filtered and stored in a computer. Yb3＋ increased the amplitude of sodium currents in a concentration-dependent and voltage-dependent man- ner. The 50 % enhancement concentration of Yb3＋ on sodium currents was about 8.97 μmol/L, which was dif- ferent from the inhibitory effects of Yb3＋ on potassium current. The analysis on the activation and inactivation kinetics of Na＋ current showed that 100 μmol/L Yb3＋ did not change the process of activation and inactivation. In addition, the times reaching the peak of current （t） and inactivated time constant （τ） were voltage dependent. 100 μmol/L Yb3＋ significantly prolonged the time to peak at -70 and -80 mV. The effect disappeared at the positive direction of -70 mV. Furthermore, Yb3＋ decreased r val- ues to more positive values than -80 mV. In total, Yb3＋ did not change the process of activation, but impelled inacti- vated process. Yb3＋ mainly increased the Na＋ current through changing its conductance. It might be one of the mechanisms that Yb3＋ affected the hippocampal neurons.     

Heteroatom-doped graphene for electrochemical energy storage

The increasing energy consumption and envi- ronmental concerns due to burning fossil fuel are key drivers for the development of effective energy storage systems based on innovative materials. Among these materials, graphene has emerged as one of the most promising due to its chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Heteroatom doping has been proven as an effective way to tailor the properties of graphene and render its potential use for energy storage devices. In this view, we review the recent developments in the synthesis and applications of heteroatom-doped graphene in supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.     

Effect of pickling processes on the microstructure and properties of electroless Ni–P coating on Mg–7.5Li–2Zn–1Y alloy

The electroless plating Ni–P is prepared on the surface of Mg–7.5Li–2Zn–1Y alloys with different pickling processes.The microstructure and properties of Ni–P coating are investigated.The results show that the Ni–P coatings deposited using the different pickling processes have a different high phosphorus content amorphous Ni–P solid solution structure,and the Ni–P coatings exhibit higher hardness.There is higher phosphorus content of Ni–P amorphous coating using 125 g/L Cr O3and 110 ml/L HNO3(w68%)than using 180 g/L Cr O3and 1 g/L KF during pre-treatment,and the coating structure is more compact,and the Ni–P coatings exhibit more excellent adhesion with substrate(Fcup to22 N).The corrosion potential of Ni–P coating is improved and exhibits good corrosion resistance.As a result,Mg-7.5Li-2Zn-1Y alloy is remarkably protected by the Ni–P coating.     

MnO/石墨烯复合材料的制备及其作为锂离子电池负极的研究

通过原位复合方法合成碳包覆MnO/石墨烯(C@MnO/GN)复合材料并探究其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征结果表明,MnO纳米颗粒(直径约为30~50nm)均匀分散在石墨烯片层上,且颗粒外面包裹一层厚度约为5nm的碳层.电化学测试结果表明该材料作为锂离子电池负极具有优异的倍率和循环性能.0.2和0.5A/g电流密度下,比容量分别为800和700mAh/g;10A/g电流密度下比容量仍能保持在372mAh/g;当电流密度调回0.5A/g时,其比容量仍能恢复到730mAh/g.该材料也表现出优异的循环性能,在5和10A/g电流密度下依次循环100圈,容量保持率几乎100%.     

基于UC3906的本安型直流不间断稳压电源的设计

为了解决矿用供电电网停电导致通讯及监控设备无法正常工作的现状,设计了一种本安型直流不间断稳压电源.基于信号流程和电路功能模块划分,利用三端稳压器TL431配合蓄电池专用充电管理芯片UC3906实现了对镍氢电池的智能充电和过放电控制.分析了本安型直流不间断稳压电源的设计原理、各组成模块的功能以及工作过程.为了满足设计电源的不间断性和本质安全性要求,设计有切换电路、可调稳压电路及过压、过流保护等电路.当检测到矿用交流电不能正常供电时自动进行电路切换,启动镍氢电池供电,从而保证负载持续工作.测试结果表明:所设计的电源具有稳压性能优良,电压调整率、负载调整率高等优点;工频耐压、绝缘电阻及火花点燃等实验满足了本安型电气设备的要求.